Active Listening Strategies
If you experience hearing loss, 以下的积极倾听策略将增强你与他人的沟通,创造一个比助听器本身更积极的交流环境.
- Look at the person who is speaking. 站好位置,让自己能看到脸部的全貌,而不仅仅是侧面. 通过看和听可以获得很多信息. Although no one can gain all of the information by sight alone, everyone has some ability to speech read; that is, 通过观察说话人的嘴唇来获取谈话内容的信息, facial expressions, 手势, 肢体语言, 等.
- Wear your glasses when indicated. They will help you to speech read.
- 如果一只耳朵比另一只好,那就用你那只较好的耳朵对着说话人坐着.
- Reduce the distance between you and the person talking. The ideal distance is approximately three to five feet.
- Avoid carrying on conversations from another room.
- 把注意力集中在说话人正在表达的思想或观点上 rather than straining to understand every word that is said. Don't get discouraged or give up if you miss a few words. Speech is commonly redundant and predictable.
- 试着了解谈话的主题和环境线索 that may help you to make educated guesses. 朋友们可以接受指导,就正在讨论的话题偶尔提供一些线索. They can unobtrusively say, "We are discussing the housing problem,或者你可以悄悄地让小组里的某个人告诉你他们正在讨论什么.
- Become familiar with the way different people express themselves 如面部表情、词汇、句子结构、口音或方言等.
- Maintain an active interest in people and events. Knowledge about national and world affairs, as well as those of your community and friends, 会帮助你更容易地跟上许多讨论或对话吗.
- Don't be afraid that people will think you are staring at them while you are trying to understand what they are saying. It is always polite to look at the person who is talking.
- Don't bluff and nod as if you understand when you don't. 与其在错误的道路上继续走下去,不如提出问题.
- 不要犹豫,请别人澄清你可能遗漏的信息. In order to reduce frustration on both sides, 非常具体地说明你错过了什么是有帮助的,这样对方就不必重复整个信息. 你也可以要求对方不要只是重复信息, 但也要重新措辞,这样你听起来有困难的单词就可以被更容易听到的单词所取代.
- 具体地告诉说话人你不理解他们所说的哪一部分. 仅仅是说, “我没听见," or "I didn't understand,并没有给说话人必要的信息来纠正你的问题. Tell them if they are speaking too softly, 过快, 如果他们的手放在嘴前,或者背景噪音妨碍你理解.
- Work at listening and do not get into the habit of allowing someone else, such as your spouse or friend, to listen for you.
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- Remember that conversation is a two-way interaction. Do not monopolize it in an attempt to direct and control it. Listening takes more energy than talking.
- Be willing to acknowledge your hearing loss and ask for help. 大多数通情达理的人会很乐意帮助你,如果你的要求是具体的,如果他们知道该怎么做.
- 不要犹豫,告诉你周围的人他们可以做些什么来使交流更容易. Inform them of the importance of speaking more slowly, making sure that they are close to and facing you, 以及使用面部表情和手势来传达信息. 许多人感到尴尬,因为他们不知道如何与佩戴助听器的人交谈. 让他们放松,并向他们保证,自然、不夸张的讲话对你来说是最容易理解的.
- Whenever possible, ask for specifics, such as directions or medical information, in writing.
- Maximize the use of lighting. 让光在你身后,而不是在说话人后面,那样会投下阴影.
- Consider using hearing aids that have multiple microphones 它可以最大限度地放大来自你正前方的声音,并抑制来自你身后的声音.
- Resist distractions. Try to reduce or eliminate interfering background noise. 这包括在交谈时关掉或关掉电视、收音机、自来水或风扇. In a social setting or restaurant, 你可能想找一个安静的角落,远离噪音来进行谈话.
- 如果你在一个门或窗开着的房间里,面对着嘈杂或繁忙的区域,把它关上. 保持车窗关闭或降低离车窗最近的助听器的音量也是有帮助的. Most hearing aids adjust to noise automatically.
- 如果需要, consider improving the acoustics of a room frequently used for conversation. 这可能包括安装地毯、窗帘、软垫家具或隔音天花板瓷砖.
- When going to a restaurant, try to make plans in advance. Look up noise ratings in the newspaper. Go during off-peak hours, 在安静的角落预定一张桌子,背靠墙坐着(如果你戴着带多个麦克风的助听器,也可以朝房间中央坐)。. Request a booth if available.
- 当你去看戏、听音乐会、做礼拜或听讲座时,尽量早到,这样你就可以 get a seat as close to the front as possible. Request an assistive listening device.
- 当去看电影或戏剧时,提前阅读评论或情节摘要.
- 参加讲座时,要求演讲者使用麦克风或调频系统.
- 在电话中获取信息时,重复你听到的内容以确认其正确性.
- Maintain realistic expectations 关于你在各种情况和环境中所能听到的内容. 在某些情况下,听力会变得更加困难, 你将需要用更多的努力和策略来遵循所说的话. 记住,对于听力正常的听众来说也是如此.
- 在抱怨自己的听力损失之前,先检查一下公共场所的情况. Find out if others are having difficulty, too. 这可能是由于一个错误的公共广播(PA)系统,一个不好的扬声器,或高背景噪音.
- Pay particular attention to your own speech. A long-standing hearing loss, or even a sudden loss, may cause a deterioration of voice and enunciation.
- Everyone needs time to relax. 认识到疾病和疲劳会使倾听变得更加困难. Allow yourself the luxury of withdrawing at times.
- 避免紧张. Try to relax and keep your sense of humor. 紧张会严重干扰说话、阅读和消耗精力的能力. 即使是最好的听众也不可能听到一切. 自嘲的能力对适应任何情况或十大赌博靠谱网络平台都有很大帮助.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.