心 疾病
Overview
What is heart disease?
心 disease is a term that includes many heart conditions, with coronary artery disease (CAD) the most common type in the United States. 的se conditions may affect all or just part of the heart, and they impact the heart's function in different ways, from blood flow to the electrical signals that control heartbeat. For some people, symptoms are mild or unnoticeable, while for others, they are severe or even life-threatening. 的 symptoms a person experiences depend on which heart condition they have, the condition's stage and their 整体健康.
Many heart problems can be prevented or treated through lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet; exercising regularly; and eliminating harmful habits, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use.
Our approach to heart disease
的 UCSF 心 and Vascular Center has a world-class team of cardiologists, 心脏外科十大赌博平台排行榜, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists and other specialists. We offer the highest quality care for all heart conditions, from the most common to the rare and complex.
We focus on prevention and work with patients to support heart-healthy lifestyles. We also offer state-of-the-art treatments for heart disease. Many of the cutting-edge therapies we use were developed right here at UCSF. 这包括 catheter ablation to treat arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronization therapy to treat heart failure.
In addition to our focus on daily patient care, we conduct a wide range of research projects dedicated to enhancing future heart care on all fronts: prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Risk factors for heart disease
Some types of heart disease are due to birth defects or inherited conditions that affect the heart. Such factors are called non-modifiable, since we can't take steps to alter them. But there are many modifiable health conditions that can increase your risk for developing heart disease.
这些包括:
- High blood pressure (also known as hypertension)
- Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels
- Diabetes mellitus
- 肥胖
Certain behaviors can increase your risk directly or indirectly (by making you more prone to conditions that can lead to heart disease). 这些包括:
- 吸烟
- A diet high in fats and salt
- Excessive alcohol use
- Physical inactivity
Types of heart disease
心 disease comprises a large number of conditions that may be categorized as congenital disorders (present at birth), structural disorders, 瓣膜疾病, arrhythmias (involving the heart's rhythm), cardiomyopathies (involving the heart's muscle) or vascular disorders (involving the heart's blood vessels), as well as some that don't fit into any category. 的 diagnostic procedures we use and treatments we recommend will depend on the type of heart disease you have as well as other factors, such as your age, 整体健康, and the condition of your heart.
Congenital heart diseases
心 diseases or defects that people are born with are called congenital. 的y result from problems with the development of the heart walls, chambers, valves or blood vessels. 的se conditions include:
- 主动脉瓣狭窄
- Atrial septal defect
- 原发异常
- 马凡氏综合症
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Transposition of the great arteries
- Ventricular septal defect
Structural heart diseases
Structural heart diseases are conditions that affect the physical form of the heart or its blood vessels. Sometimes these conditions are present at birth; sometimes they develop later. 它们包括:
- 动脉瘤
- Aortic Coarctation
- Arteriovenous Malformation
- 动脉粥样硬化
- Cavernous malformations
- Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
瓣膜疾病
的se conditions affect the structure or functioning of the heart's valves, which are flaps between the heart's chambers that keep blood flowing in the right direction. 瓣膜疾病 include:
心律失常
心律失常 are irregular heart rhythms that are often caused by problems with the heart's electrical system. 的se conditions include:
- Atrial fibrillation
- 心房扑动
- Atrial tachycardia
- Complete heart block
- Long QT syndrome
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiomyopathies are diseases in which the heart muscle's structure and function are impaired. 的 heart muscle may become inflamed, stiff or abnormally thick. 的se conditions include:
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Eisenmenger's syndrome
Vascular heart diseases
Vascular diseases affect the blood vessels that supply or drain blood from the heart. 的se conditions include:
Other heart diseases
Some heart conditions don't fit neatly into any classification. 的se conditions include bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's valves or lining.
Symptoms of heart disease
Symptoms vary depending on the specific condition. However, general signs of heart disease can include:
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- 乏力
Lifestyle practices for heart disease prevention
Healthy habits are often part of treatment for patients with heart disease, including those who have undergone a procedure for a heart condition. Lifestyle changes can protect against conditions that increase heart disease risk as well as reduce symptoms and help prevent disease progression in people who already have it. 心-healthy habits include:
- A diet low in saturated fats, added sugars and salt and high in lean proteins, fruits and vegetables
- Regular physical activity – at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week
- Adequate sleep, meaning seven to nine hours each night
- Quitting use of tobacco
- Managing stress
- Maintaining healthy cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure levels
This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
Where to get care (14)
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Advanced 心 Failure Comprehensive Care Center
Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Service
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Wellness Center
2
Cardiac Surgery Program
3
Cardio-Oncology & Immunology Program
Center for Prevention of 心 and Vascular 疾病
2
