负责:如何治疗卵巢癌?
The main treatments for ovarian cancer are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. 通常几种治疗方法同时使用.
手术
Surgical removal of as much of the cancer as possible is an important part of your treatment. 如果你被诊断患有卵巢癌, you should be treated by a gynecologic oncologist — a doctor who is specially trained to perform surgery on cancers of the female reproductive organs. A gynecologic oncologist will also be able to perform any reconstructive procedures that may be needed as part of the cancer removal.
手术 for ovarian cancer is usually performed with a laparotomy, an abdominal incision. The surgeon will be able to see if the cancer appears on other organs in the pelvis or abdomen, 比如子宫, 输卵管, 膀胱或肠道, 然后尽可能多地去除它. 如果癌症似乎局限于卵巢, the surgeon may also wash the abdomen with fluid and then examine the fluid under the microscope to see if it contains any cancer cells.
如果可能的话, the surgeon will try to leave at least one ovary and the uterus if a woman wants to have children after treatment. Types of operations can include removing one ovary (unilateral oophorectomy) or both (bilateral oophorectomy), one fallopian tube (unilateral salpingectomy) or both (bilateral salpingectomy), 切除子宫(子宫切除术). The surgeon may also need to remove some lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy), and sections of the bowel.
化疗
使用药物杀死癌细胞被称为化疗. 就像乳腺癌和其他癌症一样, 抗癌药物通过静脉滴入静脉, 或口服(口服). Sometimes the therapy is injected directly into the pelvic cavity, called intraperitoneal injection.
化疗 is usually systemic, meaning that it travels throughout the body in the bloodstream. This makes it very helpful for treating ovarian cancer that has spread beyond the ovaries (metastases).
化疗 is usually given in cycles — one or more drugs are administered and then there is a rest period. 化疗 for epithelial ovarian cancer usually involves six cycles over the course of five to six months. Usually women are treated with a combination of several drugs including a platinum compound such as cisplatin or carboplatin, 还有一个紫杉烷, 如紫杉醇(紫杉醇).
上皮性卵巢癌往往对化疗有反应, 但是任何剩余的细胞最终可能会重新开始生长. 如果肿瘤复发, your doctor may give you additional treatment with the same drugs, 或者试试其他药剂.
生殖细胞肿瘤用不同的药物治疗. Borderline EOCs and stromal tumors are not usually treated with chemotherapy.
放射治疗
高能x射线也可用于杀死癌细胞. 治疗可以通过外部x射线束进行, or by placing an implant of radioactive material near the tumor.
治疗副作用
癌症治疗可能有副作用. 有些会随着时间的流逝而消失,有些则不会. 常见的副作用如下:
- 手术. 切除两个卵巢意味着你将进入 更年期 如果你以前没有这样做过.
- 化疗. 化疗药物会破坏一些快速生长的正常细胞, 除了杀死快速生长的癌细胞. Temporary side effects of chemotherapy can include nausea and vomiting, 食欲不振, 脱发, 口腔和阴道溃疡, 月经周期的变化, 血细胞计数低.
Low blood cell counts can in turn result in an increased chance of infection, 出血或瘀伤, 和疲劳. 在非常罕见的情况下,女性可能会发展 急性髓性白血病这是一种白细胞癌,由抗癌药物引起. 在年轻女性中, chemotherapy can also damage the ovaries if they have not been removed, 导致过早绝经和不孕.
在一般情况下, 现在有了比过去更多的“化学保护剂”, which help patients to maintain their daily activities while they are undergoing chemotherapy. Drugs that can reduce nausea and vomiting (antiemetics), for example, are often used. - 放射治疗. Radiation can cause temporary damage to your skin, and fatigue, nausea or diarrhea.
Any side effects you experience from any cancer treatment should be brought to your doctor's attention. 记住,这些副作用通常是可以治疗的.
临床试验
During your treatment, your doctor may suggest that you take part in a clinical trial. 临床试验 are studies of promising new or experimental drugs or other therapies. 参加任何临床试验都是你的决定. Talk to your doctor about the possible benefits in your particular situation.
阅读更多
- 负责的下一部分: 与癌症共存
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加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.