负责:乳腺癌筛查
当健康专家谈论疾病筛查时, they mean using some sort of test to see if a person has a particular condition. 筛查的目的是早期发现和治疗癌症, 因为, 在一般情况下, 早期治疗可提高生存机会. 乳腺癌有几种筛查方法. 根据你的年龄和其他风险因素,你选择哪种.
乳房自我检查
乳房自我检查(BSE)是发现乳房肿块的一个有用工具。. 十大赌博平台排行榜 recommend that women learn to do this exam in their late teens or early 20s. Make sure to examine both your breasts carefully each month at the end of your menstrual period, 或者在每个月的固定时间, 如果你不再来月经.
如果你发现乳房有肿块,打电话给你的十大赌博平台排行榜. 大多数肿块(10个中有8个)不是癌症, 但这并不意味着你可以假设你发现的肿块是无害的. 你必须让十大赌博平台排行榜检查一下.
美国癌症协会乳房自我检查指南
The best time for breast self-examination (BSE) is about a week after your period ends, 当你的乳房不肿不软的时候. 如果你没有月经规律,请在每个月的同一天做疯牛病检查.
- Lie down with a pillow under your right shoulder and place your right arm behind your head.
- Use the finger pads of the three middle fingers on your left hand to feel for lumps in the right breast.
- 用力按压,以了解乳房的感觉. 每个乳房的下曲线上有一个坚固的隆起是正常的. 如果你不确定按压的力度,和你的十大赌博平台排行榜或护士谈谈.
- 在乳房周围以圆形,上下线或楔形模式移动. 确保每次都用同样的方法, 检查整个乳房区域, 记住每个月你乳房的感觉.
- Repeat the exam on your left breast, using the finger pads of the right hand. (把枕头移到左肩下.)
- 如果你发现有任何变化,马上去看十大赌博平台排行榜.
- Repeat the examination of both breasts while standing, with one arm behind your head. The upright position makes it easier to check the upper and outer part of the breasts (toward your armpit). 大约一半的乳腺癌都是在这里发现的. You may want to do the standing part of the BSE while you are in the shower. 有些乳房的变化在皮肤湿润和有肥皂味的情况下更容易感觉到.
- 就在你得了疯牛病之后, 对着镜子检查你的乳房,看有没有凹陷的皮肤, 乳头的变化, 发红, 或肿胀.
临床乳腺检查
You should also have a health professional examine your breasts on a regular basis — every three years for women age 20 to 39, 对于40岁以上的女性来说.
筛查性乳房x光检查
A 乳房x光检查 用x光来拍摄你的乳房组织. 技术人员拍照, and a doctor (a radiologist) "reads" the pictures to find any breast abnormalities. A 乳房x光检查 takes very little time, and is an important way to protect your breast health.
技术人员通常为每个乳房拍两张照片. 为了拍照,你的乳房被压缩在两个盘子之间. The compression can feel somewhat uncomfortable, but it lasts for only a few seconds. 整个乳房x光检查通常需要大约20分钟.
A screening 乳房x光检查 can be used to check women who have no symptoms of breast cancer for the earliest signs of the disease. Many professional organizations recommend that women have a 乳房x光检查 annually beginning at the age of 40. Often your doctor may request that you get your first, or "baseline," 乳房x光检查 in your late 30s. Younger women who are at higher risk for breast cancer may also have screening 乳房x光检查s. The radiologist will look for several types of changes on a screening 乳房x光检查:
- 钙化. 钙化 are tiny mineral deposts within the breast tissue that appear as small white spots on the X-ray film. Certain patterns of calcifications are associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. 如果你有异常的钙化, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做乳房活检.
- 群众. 群众 (lumps) are usually caused by benign breast conditions, but they may be breast cancer. Benign lumps may include cysts (sacs containing fluid) or fibroadenomas (solid lumps).
乳房x光检查的神话
- 乳房x光检查的辐射增加了我患癌症的几率. 现代乳房x光检查设备仅使用0.1 to 0.每x射线2拉德(一个测量单位), a dose that over a lifetime will not meaningfully increase your risk of developing cancer. 十大赌博平台排行榜 agree that the benefits of this procedure far outweigh the very small radiation dose.
- 乳房x光检查对年轻女性无效. 年轻女性的乳房组织往往更致密, 而且有时很难发现乳房异常. 随着时间的推移,乳房的密度往往会降低.
- 我在哪里做乳房x光检查并不重要. 就像生活中的许多事情一样,实践和经验很重要. It is better to have a 乳房x光检查 performed by a doctor who "reads" lots of breast films. Studies have shown that radiologists who interpret a large number of 乳房x光检查s are better at finding abnormalities, 专门从事乳房x光检查的放射科十大赌博平台排行榜也是如此.
跟踪你的乳房x光检查
One of the reasons regular 乳房x光检查s are so helpful is that they allow the radiologist who inspects them to note any changes in your breast over time. 如果你换了十大赌博平台排行榜, 你需要确保你知道你过去的乳房x光照片存放在哪里. Keep a list showing the dates of your 乳房x光检查s and the place where each was performed. It is important to obtain the films from the previous facilities so that they are available to the radiologist when you have your next 乳房x光检查.
Your doctor may recommend that you take additional steps to protect your health if you know that you are at high risk for breast cancer. 他或她可能会建议你进行筛选测试, 比如乳房x光检查, 在推荐的40岁之前. 一些十大赌博平台排行榜也可能会建议你有一个 核磁共振成像 取走你的乳房. This technique uses magnetic fields to create a detailed picture of breast tissue. 不涉及x光.
如果你有乳腺癌家族史, you may want to consider undergoing genetic testing to see if you have a mutation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. 决定是否进行这种类型的测试是一个复杂的过程. A genetic counselor can help you to consider all the arguments for and against testing.
阅读更多
- 负责的下一部分: 如何诊断乳腺癌?
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加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.